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8月25日是暑假后的第一场托福考试，ETS做了一些新的调整，比如在候考室填写的保密协议，不再需要大段誊抄，考生只需要在页面下方写下自己的姓名、考场编号、考试类型(GRE或iBT等)、考试日期即可，这大大加快了考生进场速度，有助于9点准时开考。
和以往考试相同的是，每场考试还是会遭遇一些系统崩盘事件，比如，华叔今天就遇到了电脑死机，而且还是发生在听力环节。
注意：听力环节死机时，考生需要牢牢记住刚刚所听内容，可以在草稿纸上记下来，当考试系统恢复时，录音并不会重新播放，而是从死机节点顺延向下播放，即“从哪死从哪活”，所以要求考生根据记忆线索向下顺听，切莫由于过度紧张和更换考位时间过长而造成对听力内容的遗忘。
阅读重复规律总结
阅读今天出现了ABC三套试卷，重复考查了很多老题，比如：
Butterfly’s wing patterns and predator defense重复2016.04.09
Economic Changes in Late-Nineteenth-Century Europe重复2016.01.09
Individual Performance and the Presence of Others重复2017.08.27
下面，和大家一起分享A卷内容
1. Animal Locomotion（重复2017.09.17）
2. Economic Changes in Late-Nineteenth-Century Europe（重复2016.01.09）
3. Dutch Tiles（重复2017.06.03加试题），2017.10.28，2018.03.31加试题，这次转变为测试题
加试：Interpreting Prehistoric Cave Art重复2017.09.17加试题，这次仍为加试题
或者Constable’s Landscape Painting康斯坦丁的画，强调要画自己熟悉的家乡（号称史上最难的文章）
提醒注意
1.第1篇文章Animal Locomotion，之前也有类似话题，如2014.12.06 Forms of Locomotion，但是涉及内容有所不同，本次考试详述水中、空中和陆地上的运动特点，而不涉及人类walking这一运动方式。
2.第3篇文章Dutch Tiles(荷兰瓷砖)是2017.06.03首次出现的加试题，并且在2017.10.28和2018.03.31也作为加试题出现，但这次已经转变成测试题。加试题转测试题在2017-2018年出现过三次，之后还会继续出现。
3.本场考试的加试文章为Interpreting Prehistoric Cave Art(重复2017.09.17加试题，这次仍为加试题)，或者Constable’s Landscape Painting(首考加试题，考生普遍反映非常难)。可以做一个推理，加试题都是新题，难度都稍高于测试题，经过多次检测后，如果难度系数合理，之后就转为测试题，以此推动托福考试难度的上升。
分享Dutch Tiles(荷兰瓷砖)一道细节题
According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is true of the design of a Dutch wall tile?
Its main purpose changed from being functional to being decorative.
Its ornamentation sometimes continued on to other tiles.
It was painted with a blue design surrounded by a white background.
Its corners were sometimes filled with images of animals.
对应考句：来自第3段，主要讲述荷兰瓷砖图案风格的发展。该题选项对应考查这一段第3至7句，如下
Paragraph 3
(3)Square pieces of pink firing clay were covered with white tin glaze and painted with polychrome(colored) decorations that ran over more than one tile. (4)At the beginning of the seventeenth century, when the Dutch wall tile became an important functional and decorative wall covering, different designs were introduced. (5)Animals, flowerpots, and designs with grapes and pomegranates were used on single tiles as central motifs within a diamond-shaped or circular border. (6)The corners of each tile were filled with stylized leaf motifs executed in the so-called “reversing technique” where the background around the pattern is painted in blue, leaving the actual design standing out in white. (7)When put together on the wall, the recurring corner motifs met and formed large decorative units almost equal in size to the central figurative designs.
解析：正确答案B。对应段落第3句“Square pieces of pink firing clay were covered with white tin glaze and painted with polychrome(colored) decorations that ran over more than one tile.”即方形瓷砖上覆盖着白锡釉和多色装饰图案，这些装饰图案延伸至多个瓷砖上；A选项与第4句矛盾；C选项与第6句矛盾，正好说反了；D选项与第5、6句矛盾，应是瓷砖的中心图案为动物，这些动物图案套在钻石形状或圆形框内，瓷砖的边角是叶子图案，这些重复出现的边角叶子图案一起相连时构成的图案将和中心图案一样大小。
2018.08.25两篇听力讲座答案
第一篇 A卷 天文学讲座
重复2015-01-10大陆真题
华华托福学习系统教学材料
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
To discuss how some stellar embryos fail to become stars
2.According to the professor, why is the study of brown dwarfs particularly challenging?
They combine characteristics of very distinct celestial objects.
3.Why does the professor discuss how stars originate?
To explain how brown dwarfs begin to form
4.According to the ejection theory, why do some stellar embryos stop growing before they become stars?
They are moved by gravitational forces to areas outside cores.
5.Why does the professor mention that newborn stars are surrounded by disks of dust and gas?
To describe a method for testing two theories about brown dwarfs
6.What is the professor’s attitude toward the two theories?
He thinks evidence supports the turbulence theory even if he cannot rule out the ejection theory.
第二篇 B卷 音乐历史讲座
重复2014-03-16大陆真题
华华托福学习系统教学材料
1.What is the main purpose of the discussion?
To analyze a particular type of electronic music
2.According to the professor why are hemispherical speakers important in a laptop orchestra?
They project sound in all directions.
3.Why does the student mention e-mail?
To comment on what a laptop orchestra performance looks like
4.What point does the student make about the music she has heard played at live laptop orchestra performances?
It often includes improvisation.
5.Why does the student use the term virtuoso?
To question whether laptop orchestra members are real musicians
6.What is the professor’s opinion about laptop orchestras?
They may contribute to the development of new types of music and musicians.
2018.08.25综合写作解析
难度中等的利弊分析类
阅读主要观点提取
总论点：有三种方法可以控制false bamboo在英国的快速扩张。
方法一：直接从土壤中清除除false bamboo的杂草weed。
方法二：用药性很强的除草剂glyphosate来清除false bamboo。
方法三：引入一种false bamboo的天敌来消灭它。
听力主要观点提取
总论点：阅读中提出的方法没有一种是可信的convincing。
原因一：直接清除突然中的杂草没有用not effective。false bamboo的根部可以长到土壤好几米深。所以想要彻底清除它是很困难的，需要花费大量的时间。只要有一点残留，false bamboo就会死而复生recover。
原因二：使用除草剂的成本太高。要想清除false bamboo，需要连续几年，每季度使用三到四次这种除草剂。每一次使用除草剂的成本都很高，所以即使在一个小的范围内清除false bamboo都会花费很大。更何况false bamboo扩散的范围已经很大，当地政府的经济压力会很大。
原因三：用天敌来消灭false bamboo也是也是有问题的problematic。false bamboo的天敌plant louse来自气温较高的亚洲地区，它们很难在气温较低的英国生存。特别是在英国严寒的冬季，plant louse的数量会大量减少，所以不能有效的清除false bamboo。
2018.08.25独立写作解析
【题干】
You may choose between two professors who will be teaching a course that you must take at your university. If the following statements are the only information available to you about the differences between the two professors, which professor would you choose? Why?
--One professor was voted most popular in a survey of students about their teachers.
--One professors has just been given an award for outstanding research.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples.
【解题步骤】
1.精准理解题目
你将会在两个教授中选择其一，他将肯定会教一个你在大学会上的课。如果下面的信息使唯一知道的两个教授的区别，你会选择哪个教授？为什么？
一个在学生调查中被投票选举为最受欢迎的教授
一个刚刚因杰出的研究而获奖的教授
2.找出关键词，进行头脑风暴
a) Course
思考：一个课程的质量/意义体现在哪些方面？
参考答案：课堂的内容是否足够深入；课堂的内容是否有趣吸引学生；教授是否平易近人，愿意和学生沟通；教授是否教学方法先进，能够帮助学生理解
b) Voted most popular
思考：教授为什么会流行受欢迎？对课堂有什么帮助？
参考答案：因为愿意和学生沟通，学生会更愿意问问题，可以解决学生各方面的问题；因为课堂有趣所以受学生欢迎，可以让学生在课上注意力更加集中，提高课堂效率；因为教授的教导很有针对性，让各类的学生能有效提高成绩，理解课堂内容，所以受到学生的欢迎
c) Just been given an award for outstanding research
思考：刚因杰出的研究而获奖的教授对课堂有什么好处？
参考答案：因为常年的研究工作，对学科了解透彻，可以用大量实例讲解概念，使课堂内容更加容易理解；因为常年的研究工作，对学科前沿很了解，可以丰富课堂内容，是课堂内容更加实用；因为常年的研究工作，可以对未来有志于研究的学生提供学术，方向，规划等方面的建议；
3.形成分论点
投票认为最流行的教授：
1.流行的教授的课堂可以提高课堂的学习效率
2.流行的教授可以解决学生学习、生活上的问题
刚因研究而获奖的教授：
1.研究获奖教授可以丰富课堂内容
2.研究获奖的教授可以解答学生学术、未来规划方面的问题
【范文】
While the university education is of undoubted importance in people’s life since it serves as the crucial phase where students who are mostly molded with general courses are imparted with divided curriculums in terms of the profession and tread on dissimilar paths no matter what is awaiting at the front. And topics about professors are never out of fashion particularly in the university since it is on the saddle of the quality of the courses. Some students are subject to a question of whether they should opt to follow a professor who is voted most popular among students or who has just been given an award for outstanding research. From my perspective, I am disposed to the latter since the professor with considerable academic attainment are of significant help to my study.
Firstly, professors with outstanding performance on research could enliven the course content. In the context of university, especially in the field of science, the complaint respecting the drab and mesmeric lectures could be common practice in daily basis among students, and some of them might even provoke the reactions of the director. Set aside the sense of repulsion of the students, some of the lectures in which merely the scientific concepts and theories are covered in a repetitious manner are monotonous indeed since students have to hold an abstract and far-from-reality mindset for several hours. However, had professors with academic awards on the research taken the rein, referring to his profound knowledge and experience accumulated through time, he could supplement the abstract theories and equations with vivid applications, spread a notion that the symbols on the textbook could be transformed and advanced into specific technology and products. As a result, students perceiving the prospect of the course content could get interested and the class climate could be activated due to the fascinating future products. Conversely, though popular professors might be skilled at warming up their relationship with students, that is not a guarantee to the depth and attraction of the lecture.
Moreover, professors with awards on research provides valuable suggestions to the future of the students. A number of the undergraduates could be in hesitation between further research and working, where research might symbolize their academic belief throughout their childhood and youth which is to become a scientist and contribute to the science development, while entering the job market stands for economic independence. However, the persistence of some students is because of their poverty of knowledge on research and that is where professors with profuse experience on research could step in. By following and the conversation with them, students could learn what are the daily routines on research and what they might perform after the graduate training and those are probably not available or in thorough coverage from inexperienced professors even though they are popular among the students since it is conceivably that retaining a tender relationship with students have to occupy the energy and spirit allotted to the research. Consequently, students could gain clearer understanding about what is research and what it might bring, their query about their future could be disentangled at some degree and they could make better decision about their future.
To conclude, I advocate to follow the professors who has just been given an award for outstanding research since they are able to provide both academic and occupational instructions to the students. (559words)
