个人中心
个人中心
01
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考过托福，人生赢家？
昨天托福出分，今天托福考试。有种前仆后继，批量收割的感觉。
ETS把托福考试设置的模式很有意思。12天以内只能考一次。10天左右托福会出分。也就是说，不可以两个周末连着考，但可以隔一周考两次，并且，第二次考之前的一两天知道上一次的分数。
你有没有见过这样的同学？比如，10月27日出了10月14日的托福分，但因为10月28日还要参加考试，所以10月27日坚决不查10月14日的分。
你很难说，他是勇敢，还是胆小。
托福作为一门考试，和所有的考试一样，参加的考生，真是众生百态。我过去常说，托福考不好，将来有什么出息。现在想想，这话气势太足。曲折未必是坏事，直达目标也未必就能一直走的好。
如果现在我改一种说法，我会说，TAKE IT EASY!
别当回事，别觉得考过托福会怎样，别想着此分可比那分高。就是一个语言习得的准备过程，顺便测了一下。仅此而已。
真心祝福申请季还在努力的考生。焦虑是难免的，但为了焦虑再焦虑就不要了。
02
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10.28综合写作解析
阅读主要观点提取
总论点：有三个理论可以用来解释为什么动物会玩耍。
理论一：精力过剩理论（surplus energy theory）。一些动物通过食物获取的能量会有剩余，所以它们需要通过玩耍来释放多余的能力。
理论二：本能理论（instinct-practice theory）。动物玩的行为是天生的，一些动物在玩耍的时候会有一些攻击和咬的行为，而这些行为在它们捕猎的时候是必不可少的。
理论三：社交理论（social functions theory）。动物玩耍是为了和它们群体中的其它成员建立联系。
听力主要观点提取
总论点：阅读中的三个理论都是错误的（false）。
分论点一：一些海洋生物，如海豹（seals）。幼小的海豹经常需要饿好几天才能吃到妈妈从远处带回来的食物。这没有吃的那几天中，幼小的海豹是没有多余的能量的。然而，它们还是会玩耍。
分论点二：有一些动物即使不玩耍也能学会捕猎的技能。研究人员做了一个实验，两组猫，一组让它们玩耍，另一组不让它们玩。然而结果显示，那些有过玩耍经历的猫长大后捕猎的技能并没有十分突出。
分论点三：动物在和群体成员建立联系并不一定需要通过玩耍。当老鼠年老不再玩耍的时候，它们仍然可以建立social bonds。
03
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10.28独立写作解析
［2015-03-14真题］
满分范文
Reading books and watching movies are two most common entertainments. Nowadays, more and more popular books are adapted to movies by filmmakers. In the coexistence of books and films, some people prefer to read the book before watching the movie. Others are willing to read the book after they have watched the movie. From my opinion, I will choose the latter option.
First and foremost, watching movies is easier for people to be understood and it is more vivid. Movies present story from various aspects, such as visually and acoustically. People can feel characters’ emotions from actors’ performances, their facial expressions and even background music. With the advancement of cinematography, filmmakers invented 3D (three dimensional), 4D and even 5D movies. This provides fully immersive, totally convincing virtual reality for people and further enhances the experiences of the stories. In contrast, books just use numerous words to express the plots and feelings without any images and sounds. It might be very abstract for people who cannot understand the true intentions of the author. If readers cannot understand the contents very well, they will not comprehend the ideas that writers intend to convey. Compared to long-windedness in books, it is audio-visual experiences from movies that engage people interests, leaving them a more profound impression about what happened. So, watching movies first is better.
Furthermore, watching movies is more efficient and will arouse people’s interests to read the book. As we all know, it takes people about two hours to watch a movie, whereas, people have to spend a few weeks or even months to finish reading a whole book. From the perspective of time, watching movies is time-saving. Besides, after watching a movie, people can get a general picture about the corresponding book. If people are attracted by the movie, they will read the book, while they can choose to give up the book if they are not interested in the movie. It is undeniable that some plots would be adapted and even be abridged when they are performed in the movie. But, in this way, our imagination can be fully stimulated and this people will be intrigued with what talk about in the book. Then, after watching the movie, people will full of curiosities to explore the contents in the book. In fact, some books are rarely known by people, but after making movies based on these books, these books become increasingly best-selling. Therefore, I prefer to watch movies before reading books.
In general, although the plots in the book are more coherent and accurate, the slight adaptations in the movie do not affect the understanding of the theme of entire the story. I still hold the opinion that watching the movie before people read the book is better because the watching movies is more vivid and efficient. (467 words)
04
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阅读哪篇是加试？
A卷
1.Inca Highland Adaptations（重复2017.07.15，17年年度新题）
2.Population Revolution in Eighteenth-Century Europe（重复2015.03.07A卷，2015.09.19，2014.12.21）
3.The Diversity of Plants（首考新题）
B卷
1.Eli Terry’s Clock（重复2016.04.23，16年年度新题）
2.Incan Terrace Agriculture（首考新题）
3.Human’s Effects on the Environment（首考新题）
4.加试：科学理论的建立
C卷
1.Economic Prosperity in the Roman Augustan Age（重复2015.12.20和2015.06.27）
2.Successful Invaders（首考新题）
3.The Origins of Writing（首考新题，与2014.10.18的The Origins of Writing标题完全相同，但比对首段即发现是一篇完全不同的新题）
4.加试：sunspot
D卷
1.Extinction of the Mammoths（重复2017.01.07，17年年度新题）
2.The Western Roman Empire in the Fifth Century（重复2016.09.03，2015.07.12，2014.11.08）
3.The Neolithic Revolution Begins（重复2016.03.26，2015.12.05）
4.加试：荷兰瓷砖Holland’s Tiles
【规律总结】
1.今天组卷仍然呈现“首考新题+16/17年新题+14/15年老题”形式。
2.少量考生遇到阅读加试，加试都为新题，且位置不固定。
3.文章难度适中，但选项干扰性大，不好抉择，对语言理解的精准性要求较高。所以托福考试是精读考试，是咬文嚼字的语言考试，与SAT/GRE读大意的考法截然不同。
例如：A卷Population Revolution in Eighteenth-Century Europe第1题：
Paragraph 1 suggests that the European population before the late seventeenth century had been
对应考句（首段第1句）：In late seventeenth-century Europe, what had been evolution in population followed by stabilization changed to population revolution.
解析：此题考查对长难句的精准理解，考句主语为what引出的整句话，用过去完成时态表明是17世纪之前的既成事实，即之前人口是进化evolution（即缓慢增长），然后跟随着稳定stabilization（即人口不变了），就是这样的一种人口现状在17世纪晚期变成了人口革命（革命都是激进的，即人口突增）。所以题干问先前的人口状况是怎样的，正确答案应选A.growing slowly and then not at all。
05
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Eli Terry’s Clock详析
第一段：介绍传统的美国钟表的制作方法，使用黄铜作为表芯（brass movement，表芯是整个机械运转的中心，在钟表话题中专业固定的用法是movement），手工打磨（filed by hand, 这里file是用锉刀磨平的意思），非常耗时，而且价格昂贵，是富有家庭的奢侈品（luxury goods）；另外，早期钟表庞大笨重（高两米，重90斤），不易搬动。如下图
06
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词汇题
