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昨天（2.25）的托福考试，是一套新老题的拼盘，老题主要重复的是2013-06-15和2015-11-21的大陆真题。
今天（2.26）的托福考试，也是一场新老题拼盘，老题主要重复的是2014-11-15的大陆真题。
总体来说，昨天的难度高于今天的难度，尤其是昨天的阅读部分，全部都是新题，难度比今天大很多，其它部分难度相当。
经过我们的教研和整理，这两天考试的真题已经全部还原，也将用在今年下半年的集训课程当中。这里想告诉各位考生，也顺便告知关心我们的同行：我们专注于托福考试的内容研发是从2011年开始的，不是从现在开始，所以，至今我们已彻底还原托福真题128套，对托福考试的内容有无比准确的了解，对托福考试的趋势有基于内容的理性判断。
过去，华叔一直说，放眼望去，我们看不到竞争对手。这不是一句自大的话，而是基于两点说的心里话：一是我们持续努力了5年，而且现在还更加努力，这段走过的路是非常不容易的，二是我们心无旁骛，将全部的热情，才华和匠心都放在我们的产品上，所以才有了持久优良的口碑。
中国的各行各业已经进入内容为王的时代，每个消费者也都成为了有鉴别力和喜好的独立个体。做对别人有益的事，帮助别人更好的节省时间，利用时间，分配时间，是未来事业成功的必须。比如，我们并不是每天都给大家推送文章，但只要我们发文，就会有那么多人关注和阅读。这是为什么？因为你们知道，你接下来花费的时间其实会帮助你节省更多的时间。当然，为什么那么多人选择报我们的班？一样的道理。
先来对词汇题
听力一篇讲座的笔记和答案
今天华叔给各位分享听力第二个SECTION的第一篇历史讲座的笔记和答案，并提醒记笔记的一些要点。
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
The value of postcards as primary historical sources
2.What point does the professor make when she discusses the mass production of postcards?
Mass-produced objects often do not provide the kinds of information historians consider to be important.
3.According to the professor, what did postcard companies do in order to appeal to customers?
Click on 2 answers.
Alter photographs after they were taken
Create images not based in reality but on consumers’ expectations
4.Why does the professor mention a statue?
To explain why original settings are significant to historians
5.What point does the professor make when she discusses the 1960s and 1970s?
Understanding popular culture became more important to historians.
6.Why does the professor say this:
"They argued that the staged scenes that I mentioned earlier could be a window into people’s perceptions of the time."
To point out that even the lack of authenticity of some postcards has historical value
华叔的笔记重要原则
1.笔记的前提是左右大脑的分工使用，笔记一多就会干扰理解，找到自己的平衡最关键，建议七分听三分记；
2.笔记的关键词大多是名词，偶尔记录形容词是因为出现了描述特征，偶尔记录动词是因为有明显的动态特征；
3.举例一定写出符号e.g.，并把举的例子写在后面，举例永远考的是支撑的观点或信息；
4.题目顺序是原文顺序保持一致，是托福听力做题永恒不变的做题原则，所以按照原文顺序出现的关键词或者关键词的同义替换去选择答案，就会大大提高做题的正确率；
5.层次清晰，笔记的可读性就会提高，记录笔记时务必加上序号词或者花一横线表示区分，这样笔记效用会大大提高。
阅读解析和文章框架图
今天阅读三篇文章是：Prey Fish(作为猎物的鱼)，The Fossil Record(化石记录)，和When Did Humans First Colonize the Americas?(人类何时首次定居美洲)
Prey Fish(作为猎物的鱼)
全文开门见山，首段首句就亮明全文主题：Fish have a number of methods to prevent or deflect attacks from predators(鱼有各种方法抵抗捕猎者的进攻)。第二句话对这些对抗方法做了具体展开，也预告了后文结构的打开方式(分类陈述，内含原理解释)：make a quick evasive move, employ an active defense, rely on passive structural defenses to deflect the predator, or use a combination of actions.
所以，通篇来看，宏观结构很好把握，中等以上的阅读者基本都可以做到。但细节更难，细节决定高手。例如，鱼群如何躲避捕猎者？这在原文是有详细的细节描写的：
Often predators will swim slowly through a prey school, at which time the school separates ahead of the predator and then closes back together behind it, basically creating a prey-free space around the predator.
很多考生无法理解此句，脑海中自然也无法闪现相关的画面。这句话的意思是说，“捕猎者经常慢慢穿过一个鱼群(school)，此时(at which time)鱼群一分为二，一部分奔到捕猎者前面，剩下的一部分合拢聚在一起待在捕猎者的后面，这样在捕猎者周围基本形成了一个没有猎物的区域”。由此保持了和捕猎者之间的安全区，躲避捕猎者。
对细节的准确理解，形成精准画面，才能不被错误选项干扰，做对细节题(细节题是考试中题量最大的)。不要相信“不读文章也能做对题”，那种所谓的技巧早已过时，也很幼稚，没有人能如此出国读书的。
关于语言抽象性的方面，这篇文章也不是很难，偶尔出现的一两句，如第3段段首主题句：Membership may reduce the statistical likelihood of an individual being attacked by a predator, producing a dilution effect. 在第二句马上提供了具体的解释If a predator only consumes one or a few prey once it encounters a group, then the likelihood of any one individual being eaten decreases as group size increases.
最难考句和对应考题
The physiological basis of the confusion effect is poorly understood, although it may relate to an information overload problem whereby the predator’s capacity for processing information is exhausted by the sheer number of objects in the visual field. Not surprisingly, prey fish choose to join the larger of two groups when given an opportunity, and the speed with which this decision is made increases when predators are present.
第10题According to paragraph 5, the confusion effect most likely arises when a predator
A. receives more visual information than it can deal with at one time
B. becomes exhausted from chasing too much fish
C. attempts to process information at high speeds
D. tries to capture a number of fish in a school
正确答案是A
Fossil Record(化石记录)
和第一篇文章一样，开段第1句话就概括了全文信息：Because…,it is important to appreciate how fossils are formed and dated; it is also important to understand some of the inherent biases in fossil analyses. 第2句Let’s begin with fossil formation. 很像听力讲座，言简意赅地表明了的主题。所以难点不在宏观结构上，还是落在微观细节上，或者叫做对长难句的准确理解上。这篇文章比较简单，详细内容看文末的思维框架图。
When Did Humans First Colonize the Americas?
这是常考话题，考生并不陌生，话题重复2016.03.19 The Arrival of Humans in the Americas。最大难点是：（1）长难句比比皆是；（2）句间关系复杂，由此显现出的作者思路拐点较多。
考句1
The breakthrough came in 1927 when excavation of a New Mexico site from which bison bones were eroding revealed a finely crafted stone weapon point (blade) between bison ribs.
解析：记得from which引导的修饰句结束后，返回句子主干“excavation revealed a finely crafted stone weapon point”。
考句2
Proponents of the Clovis First theory claim that this style of blade was ideally suited for hunting mammoths and other large animals and was used by the first wave of migrants moving south into the unpopulated Americas from Beringia. Opponents of the Clovis First hypothesis interpret Clovis as a technology and style that spread through already-populated North America.
对应考题
According to paragraph 2, proponents and opponents of the Clovis First hypothesis differ about which of the following?
正确答案：whether America was already populated when the Clovis people arrived
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综合写作新题回顾
阅读主要观点提取：
总论点：新几内亚扁形虫flatworm通过植物上的泥土传播到欧洲，并对欧洲的动物造成巨大威胁。有三个方法可以控制它在欧洲的扩张。
分论点一：生物控制。一是可以在新几内亚找到这种扁形虫的捕食者来吃它；二是让欧洲本土的鸟或爬行动物吃它。
分论点二：化学控制。用一种不伤害其他动物的杀虫剂来消灭flatworm。
分论点三：土壤消毒。扁形虫生存在盆栽植物中，并且它不耐高温。所以只要将所有进口的盆栽植物在50摄氏度的水里过滤下，扁形虫就会被消灭。
听力主要观点提取：
总论点：每一种方法是无效的。
分论点一：一方面，这种扁形虫在新几内亚并没有任何捕食者。另一方面，欧洲本土的鸟类和爬行动物也不会吃它，因为它的肉是酸的，并不好吃。
分论点二：大部分杀虫剂都不能消灭新几内亚扁形虫。只有一种名为lindane的杀虫剂可以消灭它，但是同时还会消灭其他动物，所以使用这种杀虫剂得不偿失。
分论点三：土壤消毒不能消灭欧洲所有扁形虫。盆栽植物中有很多泥土，即使将盆栽植物倾倒出来，还有一部分依附在植物深处泥土中的扁形虫并不会被高温杀死。
学生满分范文：
The writer puts forward three methods to control the further spread of New Guinea flatworm. However, the professor demonstrates that none of the methods turns out to be successful.
First, as for the biological control, the professor contradicts the reading material. On the one hand, the New Guinea flatworm has no predator in its habitat. On the other hand, the local predators in Europe, like birds or reptiles, would not eat the flatworm because its meat tastes sour and unpleasant.
Second, the professor illustrates that the chemical control mentioned in the reading is ineffective. It is because that the New Guinea flatworm is resistant to most of pesticides. What’ more, the flatworm would be killed by one type of pesticide, lindane, which is very toxic for other species. So it is not worth to use lindane to kill flatworm.
Third, the writer points out that the spread of the flatworm could be prevented by properly sterilizing the soil pots. In contrast, the professor refutes the idea by saying that hot water may not destroy all flatworms. The reason is that flatworms’ older eggs are buried deep within the soil and tipping the pots will not allow the heat to kill the eggs in the deep soil. So they will escape the tip and survive. (214words)
独立写作解析
Question:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Rather than help children with schoolwork, parents should let children work independently.
这是一道观点选择类的题目，重复2014年11月15日的考题。
步骤一：审题
本题问的是家长要不要让孩子独立完成作业？解题时，同学们经常会觉得完全没有思路，主要原因是大家解题的方向比较单一。
这道题，很多人都只会从考虑独立完成作业对学生的利与弊这无疑会增加分论点论述的难度。请注意，题干中不仅涉及到一个主体，children。还有另一个主体是，parents。所以我们的分论点可以从这两个主体着手。
步骤二：形成文章思路
选择同意文章的观点。
分论点一：对于学生来说，独立完成作业可以培养孩子一些优秀的品质。一方面，培养孩子的独立思考能力；另一方面，培养孩子抗搓能力；
分论点二：对于家长来说，让孩子独自完成作业可以自己有时间做更多有意义的事情。如，休息、家务、学习等等。（本段重点论述家长可以通过做这些有意义的事情，来给孩子树立榜样，这比仅仅给孩子解决学习问题更重要。）
口语TASK6解析
讲座要点总结
这是一篇生物学讲座，它围绕帮助动物导航的两种方法（two ways animals navigate）展开话题。
第一， 依靠周围环境的可见事物(rely on things they see in their environments)来确认所处位置和飞行的方向。以绿头鸭为例。当北美的气候变冷时，绿头鸭会向南迁移，飞向更暖和的地方。它们在夜间飞行，可以通过看星星，大致识别出天上不同星群的位置。这样，可以给它们指出正确的飞行方向。
第二， 依靠闻到周围环境的气味(what they are able to smell in the environment)来确认飞行的方向。例如，三文鱼会在它们出生的淡水溪流产卵。并且，令人震惊的是，每一条溪流都有自己独特的气味，这些气味来源于土壤或植物释放出来的化学物质。三文鱼从海洋游到出生的溪流，它们主要靠得是嗅觉。一旦接近那条溪流，它们就会识别出来溪流独特的气味，跟着气味一直游到出生地。然后在那里产卵。
讲座词汇总结
navigate：导航 release：释放 orientation：定向 sense：感官 sight：视力 sense of smell: 嗅觉 chemicals：化学物质 stream：溪流 mallard duck: 绿头鸭 salmon：三文鱼 location：位置 direction：方向 freshwater：淡水 spot：地点 recognize：识别 guide: 指导 lay egg: 产卵 specific：特有的 unique：独特的
