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01
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12.16综合写作解析
［重复2015-07-11真题］
阅读主要观点提取
总论点：风轮机会导致迁徙中的蝙蝠受伤甚至死亡。为了不让蝙蝠受到风轮机的伤害，阅读中提出了三个方法。
方法一：把风轮机建在蝙蝠的迁徙路线外。蝙蝠每年的迁徙路线是一样的。科学家们可以研究蝙蝠的迁移路线，然后在蝙蝠的迁移路线外建风轮机。
方法二：在晚上停止使用风轮机，因为蝙蝠只在夜里活动。这样一来，蝙蝠在迁移的过程中就不会被风轮机上的叶片划伤。
方法三：利用雷达让蝙蝠远离风轮机。蝙蝠可以探测到雷达发出的电磁波。事实上，蝙蝠并不喜欢电磁波，所以它们总是远离使用雷达的地方，比如机场。所以，可以在有风轮机的区域使用雷达。
听力主要观点提取
总论点：阅读都提到的三个方法都不能有效的解决问题。
理由一：为了让风轮机转起来，风轮机必须建在风力足够大的地方，比如山脊。然而，由于蝙蝠的迁移路线是根据山脊确定的，所以山脊正好是蝙蝠活动密集的地区。
理由二：在白天的时候，蝙蝠会在任何的一个高的建筑上睡觉。因此，很多蝙蝠会在风轮机上休息，当风轮机开始运作的时候，风轮机就会伤害到在上面的蝙蝠。
理由三：蝙蝠之所以不喜欢雷达是因为雷达会损坏蝙蝠的繁殖系统。即使蝙蝠在雷达区域停留很短的时间，也会对它们的生殖器官造成永久的伤害，这样一来，蝙蝠的繁殖率就会下降。
经典满分范文
The reading proposes three solutions to prevent the bats from being harmed by wind turbines. On contrary, the speaker thinks that none of these solutions is effective.
First, the passage suggests that wind turbines should be built at sites where they wouldn’t interfere with the bats’ migratory patterns. Nevertheless, the professor points out that this method isn’t practical. In fact, wind turbines are usually built on mountain ridges where there is enough wind to spin turbines. The problem is bats’ migration paths typically follow mountain ridges.
Second, the author states current wind turbines should be shut down at night because bats are most active at night. As a matter of fact, the professor says many bats will be harmed by wind turbines during the day because bats will sleep on the turbines. So, when the turbines are turned back on during the day, they will hurt the bats even kill them.
Third, the professor indicates that the radar will damage reproduction systems of bats. The bats that fly into an area with active radar waves even for a brief period of time can suffer permanent damage to their reproductive organs, leading to a low rate of reproduction. Therefore, the populations of bats will be declined. This point is totally different with the idea in reading that using radar to keep bats away from the wind turbines. (226 words)
02
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几篇阅读词汇题
Did Sauropods live in Swamps？
1. The word “presumably” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. partially
B. sufficiently
C. safely
D. most likely
2. The phrase “were persistently viewed” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. were sometimes viewed
B. continued to be viewed
C. were increasingly viewed
D. began to be viewed
3. The word “hence” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. therefore
B. also
C. even
D. probably
4. The word “inviting” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. assuming
B. strengthening
C. encouraging
D. emphasizing
Sauropod Teeth and Nostrils
1. The word "continuous" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. effective
B. strong
C. uninterrupted
D. uneven
2. The word "ideally" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. unusually
B. predictably
C. perfectly
D. immediately
3. The word "dismissed" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. understood
B. rejected
C. believed
D. tested
4. The word "flee" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. run away
B. hide
C. warn others
D. attack
5. The word "systematically" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. easily
B. slowly
C. methodically
D. forcefully
Bird Colonies
1. The word “vicinity” in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. protection
B. region
C. population
D. resources
2. The phrase “contribute to” in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. learn from
B. depend upon
C. take advantage of
D. add to
3. The word “exhaust” in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. use up
B. leave
C. avoid
D. hide
4. The phrase “On balance” in the passage is closet in meaning to
A. Nevertheless
B. Overall
C. Therefore
D. Periodically
Easter Island’s Statues
1. The word “impressive” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. visible
B. interesting
C. striking
D. well-known
2. The word “discarded” in the passage is closest in meaning t0
A. discovered
B. stored
C. buried
D. abandoned
3. The word “baffled” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. puzzled
B. divided
C. concerned
D. amazed
4. The word “confirming” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. suggesting
B. developing
C. proving
D. promoting
03
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A卷计算机科学讲座
New Computing
［重复2015-05-09真题］
1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
To explain a specific approach to computer design and technology
2.Why does the professor discuss Leonardo da Vinci’s work?
To help explain the fundamental idea behind new computing
3.According to the professor, how is old computing different from new computing?
Old computing concentrates less on the needs of users
4.According to the professor, what is an important step for developers to take in designing easy-to-use computers?
Getting information from potential users early in the design process
5.What is the professor’s opinion about the goals of old computing?
They are still relevant to designers developing new products
6.Why does the professor mention how well-informed people are about medical issues today?
To illustrate how current technology can succeed in supporting human activities
04
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B卷美国史讲座
Radio
［重复2014-11-09真题］
What is the lecture mainly about?
The effect radio broadcasts had on American culture
Why does the professor mention refrigerators?
To explain how the availability of electrical power led to the consumer-goods industry
According to the professor, what was an important factor in the creation of a national radio network?
The profitability of radio advertising
According to the professor, what aspects of radio increased its popularity?
Click on 2 answers.
People who lived in remote areas had faster access to news.
People could enjoy free home entertainment.
What is the professor’s opinion about the nationwide broadcast of a sports game in 1927?
It was the beginning of the trend toward mass culture.
Why does the professor discuss the Jazz Age?
To give an example of how radio influenced young people
05
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一道句子简化题
Bird Colonies句子简化题所在考句：
Because nests at the edges of breeding colonies are more vulnerable to predators than those in the centers, the preference for advantageous central sites promotes dense centralized packing of nests.
选项
A. It is more advantageous for birds to choose central locations for their colonies rather than locations near the edges of their territory.
B. Compared to nests at the edges of colonies, centrally located nests are preferred for their safety from predators and therefore are more densely packed together.
C. Predators generally prefer the densely packed, central portion of nesting colonies, which can make this part of the colony more vulnerable to predators.
D. Birds nesting in colonies that are vulnerable to predators tend to prefer more densely packed nests to those less densely packed.
解析：
正确答案是B，最大干扰项为A。原句意思是：因为繁育鸟群中的边缘巢穴比中央巢穴更易受捕猎者的攻击，所以对这些有优势的中央巢穴的偏爱就推动了紧密化的向中央集中的压缩筑巢。A选项的意思是，对鸟儿更有优势的是去选择它们领土当中的中央区而不是领土边缘区来为它们的种群筑造巢穴。大家体会出与原句的细微差别了吧，虽是细微差别，但意思立马变味。把A微调两个单词，就对了，即：It is more advantageous for birds to choose central locations for their nest buildings rather than locations near the edges of their colonies.
06
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一篇文章串讲
Poisonous Insects and the Birds that Eat Them
有毒昆虫和吃它们的鸟类
本篇文章只有4段，并且首段很长，因此预测首段引入话题后，必然会进行第一个要点的展开。
1. 一些昆虫体内含有有毒物质(poisons)，会影响它们的捕猎鸟类，但是有趣的问题是：这些有毒昆虫只是引起鸟类的不适反应，如呕吐(vomit)，但并不会杀死鸟类，这是为什么？原因是为了给捕猎鸟类留下具有教育意义的体验(an educational experience)，不再去捕杀同物种的其他成员，以个体昆虫的死亡为代价来保护群体，使和个体昆虫有血缘关系的后代(offspring)和近亲(close relative)得以存活，因此整体上留下了更多的相同基因。
2. 探讨有毒物质的来源：要么是鸟类自己合成(synthesize)，要么是从所食植物中获得而储藏体内。以帝王蝶(monarch butterflies)为例。帝王蝶在毛毛虫阶段(caterpillars)食用植物马利筋，从而储藏了马利筋中的有毒物质cardenolides。成年的帝王蝶会通过自己明目张胆的黑橘警戒色(blatant black and orange warning colors)告诫鸟类自身含有毒素。这种毒素低剂量时已对鸟类是致命的(fatal to birds in fairly low doses)，但不会马上杀死鸟类，而是诱发鸟类呕吐(induce vomiting)，因此使得计量没有达到足够的致死计量(the lethal dose)。
3. 研究人员用试验证明，有毒物质确实能够保护昆虫。给鸟类投食含有有毒物质的昆虫，鸟类吞咽后鸟冠竖立(erected their crests)，拍打翅膀，呕吐不止。可怕的经历后，再给鸟类投食同种昆虫，不管此时这种昆虫体内是否含有有毒物质，鸟类都拒绝捕食。
4. 对于有毒昆虫为什么不杀死捕猎者的深入分析：捕猎鸟类通常具有领地性(territorial)，居住在某一捕猎鸟领地范围的昆虫，通过牺牲自己而与此同时又不杀死捕猎鸟的办法，让该鸟有了记忆，不再去触碰自己领土范围内的该昆虫成员；但如果毒死了该捕猎鸟，那么附近的其他游荡鸟(floater)会进入该领地，这个游荡鸟并没有关于昆虫毒性的任何记忆，会继续捕杀这种昆虫，因此使得先前昆虫的自我牺牲没有任何意义。所以大自然选择支持昆虫对鸟类的友好毒害(benign poisons)而不是致死毒害(deadly poisons)。
