01
—
【12.17托福考试规律】
今天是2017年度的最后一场考试,也是非常典型的一场考试,延续了2017年一整年的风格,即多卷组合,新老题组合,并且多篇新加试组合。作为年终收尾,华叔在此给出组卷规律总结,以大数据背景教你看透ETS的选题规律。
今天考查的ABCD四套试卷为:
A卷(3篇老题+1篇加试新题)
1. Removing Dams重复2017.11.26,2017.11.25,2017.07.15下午场,2017.03.04,2015.06.13和2014.07.06(2017年重复了5次)
2. The Multiplier Effect爱琴海迈锡尼文明,重复15.05.16(加场),2014.05.11(加场)
3. The Faint Young Sun Paradox重复2017.09.30,2017.07.02,2015.11.08,2013.10.20
加试:暴龙Trex是否是食腐动物,或恐龙是否水生(注意与昨天的考题Did Sauropods live in Swamps?属于相似话题但完全不同的一篇新题)
B卷(3篇老题+1篇加试新题)
1. Glacier Effects重复2017.11.11,2017.09.30,2016.12.11(2017年重复了4次)
2. Food Preservation重复2016.11.12
3. Thermal Stratification重复2017.09.17,2015.05.30
加试:暴龙Trex是否是食腐动物,或恐龙是否水生(注意与昨天的考题Did Sauropods live in Swamps?属于相似话题但完全不同的一篇新题)
C卷(2篇老题+1篇新题)
1. The Birth of the Printing Press in Europe重复17.08.26下午场,2017.06.25,2016.08.21
2. Live Performance重复2015.05.30
3. 青蛙的真菌感染
加试:暴龙Trex是否是食腐动物,或恐龙是否水生(注意与昨天的考题Did Sauropods live in Swamps?属于相似话题但完全不同的一篇新题)
D卷(首发3篇新题)
1. 物种爆发的原因(注意与老题The Cambrian Explosion话题极为相似,但比对确定为一篇新题)
2. 某希腊城市的发展
3. 夜行动物的两种机制
加试:暴龙Trex是否是食腐动物,或恐龙是否水生(注意与昨天的考题Did Sauropods live in Swamps?属于相似话题但完全不同的一篇新题)
【2017年托福考试规律总结】
1. 如何判断哪篇是加试?
今天考试的考生首先可以对一下自己的加试文章,加试不算分,看你做的最不好的那篇是不是加试。目前只有华叔能够给出最准确的加试题目,因为加试有一个硬性标准,那就是都是新题,而只有华叔有足够大的数据库去判断所有考试文章是否为新题。
2. 什么样的老题会被选中组卷?
这是很多考生和考试研究人员感兴趣的。曾经一度,是一年前的题目和半年前的题目,但自从华叔公布了这条规律并结合加场应用后,ETS一年后改变了策略。现在这条规律已废除。
但是,事物发展总有规律,长期积累沉淀的专业人员,其实看到上面ABCD四套试卷已经有些感觉,于是有人提出“被重复考的就会被反复重复考”,这其实也是一条著名的自然科学和经济学原理,即发生过的事件再发生的可能性极大。
例如今天A卷第一篇文章Removing Dams,在2017年重复考了5次(2017.11.26,2017.11.25,2017.07.15下午场,2017.03.04,2015.06.13和2014.07.06)。
但作为更精专的专业人员,只知道这点皮毛是不够的。下面我们先列数据,把今天考到的所有老题出题年份汇总如下:
Glacier Effects 来自2016.12.11当年年度新题
Glacier Effects(被2017.09.30、2017.11.11以及本场考试2017.12.17重复)
The Sistine Ceiling(被2017.07.02、2017.12.02重复)
Explaining the Collapse of Early Bronze Age Societies(被2017.11.25和2017.11.26重复)
Food Preservation来自2016.11.12当年年度新题
The Development of Agriculture(尚未被重复)
The Controversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis(被2017.09.17和2017.12.02重复)
Food Preservation(被本场考试2017.12.17重复)
The Birth of the Printing Press in Europe 来自2016.08.21当年年度新题
Attribution Bias(尚未被重复)
Agriculture in Colonial New England(被2017.09.16、2017.12.02和2017.12.10重复)
The Birth of the Printing Press in Europe(被2017.06.25、2017.08.26下午场和本场考试2017.12.17重复)
Live Performance和Thermal Stratification来自2015.05.30当年年度新题
Live Performance(被本次考试2017.12.17重复)
Thermal Stratification(被2017.09.17和本场考试2017.12.17重复)
Earthquake Prediction(被2017.03.25A卷、2017.07.01重复)
Removing Dams 来自2014.07.06当年年度新题
Removing Dams(被2017.03.04、,2017.07.15下午场、2017.11.25、2017.11.26和本场考试2017.12.17重复,在2017年重复了5次)
Coral Reef Communities(被2017.11.11重复)
Sociality in Animals(被2017.09.23下午加场和2017.09.24重复)
【规律总结】
1. 各个年份的当年年度新题属于高频考查题目
2. 已经被多次重复考查的题目再次考查的概率仍然很高
3. 已经被多次考查的题目所在日期的同一套试卷里的其他题目/其他文章,一定会被同样重复考查,只是时间早晚而已。
所以我们要尤其关注Food Preservation所在的2016.11.12卷中的尚未考查的题目The Development of Agriculture,同样已被反复考查的The Controversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis(被2017.09.17和2017.12.02重复)和Food Preservation(被本场考试2017.12.17重复)也值得同样关注,因为会被反复考查,这是因为ETS并不想让人们从表面看出有什么规律而做的手脚,而这本身就是规律。
02
—
A卷最难生物学讲座笔记和答案
American eel
[重复2014-11-09真题]

1. What is the purpose of the lecture?
To illustrate the difficulty of determining whether a certain species needs protection under the Endangered Species Act

2. Why do some experts think the American eel should not be considered endangered?
They can survive a wide range of environmental conditions.

3. What did several government agencies conclude about the size of the American eel population based on their survey?
It will increase and decrease periodically.

4. What problem does the professor emphasize about the population surveys of the American eel?
They have not provided an adequate estimate of the overall population.

5. Why does the professor mention that the American eel is a catadromous species?
To help explain the difficulty in determining the true size of the American eel population
6. What does the professor imply about the physical transformation of the American eel when she says this:
“Then during the course of their lives, they go through a series of physical transformations which are interesting in themselves. I think there are something about that in one of your readings.”
They are not a subject she will discuss in her lecture.
03
—
部分阅读词汇题
Removing Dams
obsolete = out of date
suitable = appropriate
ambitious = impressive but difficult to achieve
take precedence over = have greater importance than
The Multiplier Effect
justify = provide a rational basis for
promoted = encouraged
simultaneous = at the same time
hierarchical = having several levels of authority
The Faint Young Sun Paradox
discrepancy = inconsistency
mean = average
derived = obtained
integral = essential
Glacier Effects
in response to = as a result of
depositing = putting
sculpt = shape
drastic = very significant
Food Preservation
speculated = guessed
eventually = finally
the mechanism of decomposition =how decomposition occurs
solely = only
Thermal Stratification
ultimately = eventually
virtually = nearly
suspended = floating
replenished = restored
dramatic = striking
The Birth of the Printing Press in Europe
advent = arrival
pointless = of no use
unprecedented = previously unequaled
Live Performance
distinction = difference
rapport = bond
thrill = excitement
vitality = energy