个人中心
个人中心
- 写在前面的话 -
首先感谢各位一直关注华华托福，我们钻研托福，达到了史无前例的地步。有些地方可能不尽完美，但我们一直付出心血，只为真的和ETS对托福的认知保持一致，然后传递给我们的学生，以及广大考生。
今天是9月17日，华叔的北京马拉松。从2014年开始，华叔连续第四年跑北京马拉松，感谢各位昨天给他的点赞和后台留言祝福。
中国社会，越发理性透明，分工更加细致。华叔今天跑马感受很深，中国跑者的素养和水平一年比一年高。中国人不仅认识事物的速度快，认知水平高，而且执行力更强。在整体素质不断提升的今天，各行各业只有精专，才能发展，甚至这是生存的基本。
（右一是华叔，右二是中国马拉松女子记录保持者孙英杰，华叔的教练）
综合写作
（重复2016-06-25大陆真题）
阅读主要观点：位于秘鲁沙漠中的纳斯卡线条是由一系列的图案组成的，已经存在了2000年。研究人员对纳斯卡线条是如何产生的已经有所了解，但是仍然不清楚创造纳斯卡线条的目的。对于纳斯卡线条存在的原因有三个不同的推测。
分论点一：第一个推测——纳斯卡线条是一本天文日历，农民用来记录重要的天文日期，如冬至。
分论点二：第二个猜测——纳斯卡线条是纪念纳斯卡人的文化并彰显社会地位的历史遗迹。
分论点三：第三个猜测——由于纳斯卡线条上有人们行走的脚印，所以有可能是古代的跑道。
听力主要观点：阅读文章给出的三个推测都经不起仔细推敲。
分论点一：纳斯卡线条包含了很多的图案，大部分的图案和天文学是没有任何关联的。所以阅读中提到的现象只是巧合。
分论点二：纳斯卡线条中的图案特别大，只有在高空俯视的时候才会感受到纳斯卡图案的壮观。然而，秘鲁的地形十分平坦，所以站在平地上的人们无法欣赏到纳斯卡线条中壮观的图案。而阅读中提到的埃及金字塔和复活节岛的什么石像不仅大还特别高，所以它们的高大让人们印象深刻。所以纳斯卡线条不太可能是一种文化的象征。
分论点三：教授认为纳斯卡线条不可能是跑道，因为脚印中有猴子、蜂鸟和蜘蛛的脚印。这些脚印十分复杂，不太可能用它们来定位跑道。纳斯卡人可能是在举行一些宗教仪式的时候沿着特定的路线行走，留下的痕迹。
The writer made the point that three theories had been suggested to account for the presence of the Nazca lines. On the contrary, the professor thought that none of these explanations held up well under examination.
First, contrary to the belief in the reading passage that the Nazca lines were used as indicators of astronomical events, the professor said that the astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars happened just by chance. But the vast majority of Nazca images did not match up with anything observable in the sky.
Another important point showed in the listening material was that the Nazca images were just large. And the landscape of the Nazca was so flat, so people on the ground cannot recognize the Nazca images. This was very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones, which were not only large but also tall. As a result, the Nazca images were not visible and impressive which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said the Nazca images were created as a monumental art from.
Finally, the professor stated that the Nazca lines played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies, but the reading presented a conflicting idea that the Nazca images were ancient racetracks. According to the listening, the images were too complex to make good locations for footraces because the images were in the shape of animals, such as a monkey, a spider and so on. And the professor pointed out that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involve walking along specially created pathways.
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一篇听力的答案和原文
今天A卷听力有一篇音乐史讲座，讲的是laptop orchestra，男生不认可这种音乐形式，女生有过听这种音乐的经历，过去也是负评价，但现在好一些了，所以一直劝这个男生。教授最后的结论是：这种音乐形式可能发展下去，会有未来，而且将来会出现一种新型音乐家：hybrid musician（混合音乐家）。
What is the main purpose of the discussion?
To analyze a particular type of electronic music
原文：Well, it was a performance by the university laptop orchestra.
According to the professor why are hemispherical speakers important in a laptop orchestra?
They project sound in all directions.
原文：The hemispherical shape allows sound to radiate in all directions, which is what happens with most traditional musical instruments.
Why does the student mention e-mail?
To comment on what a laptop orchestra performance looks like
原文：And I used to feel like I was just watching a bunch of people writing emails to each other. I mean, the music is cool, but I used to think what's the point of watching it live.
What point does the student make about the music she has heard played at live laptop orchestra performances?
It often includes improvisation.
原文：Well, it's true that some of what we heard was prerecorded and saved in the computer, but a lot of it was improvised.
Why does the student use the term virtuoso?
To question whether laptop orchestra members are real musicians
原文：But if they're just blending pre-recordings with sounds generated by the computer, that doesn't sound like making music. I mean could you ever imagine a virtuoso laptop player?
What is the professor’s opinion about laptop orchestras?
They may contribute to the development of new types of music and musicians.
原文：And this field is changing so quickly. Down the line, we might will see a new kind of hybrid musician, part virtuoso and part computer programmer.
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阅读规律统计
A卷
The Cosmological Principle 重复2015.11.21，2014.04.19
The Chaco Roads重复2017.02.25（年度新题）
Economic Decline in Europe During the Fourteenth Century重复2017.03.11，2015.11.08，2014.11.23，2014.04.27
加试新题，某种蛇的生态入侵，或冰川撤退大陆架显露对海岸地区造成的影响，或温室效应带来的影响(如海水变热，融化贝壳等)与动物的体温管理二选一
B卷
Underground Water重复2017.04.23（本年度新题）
The United States Interstate Highway System重复2017.05.13，2017.03.04，2016.09.25和2016.06.04
Constraints on Natural Selection重复2016.09.03，2014.06.15
加试新题，蜥蜴如何改变肤色和行为来控制体温，或是生物钟biological rhythms
C卷
Attempts at Determining Earth’s Age重复2015.08.22，2014-03-01，2014-09-21
Thermal Stratification重复2015.05.30
Farming New England in Colonial Times重复2017.07.15下午场，2016.03.13和2015.08.30
加试新题，史前岩石艺术的探索
D卷
Forms of Locomotion重复2017.03.04，2014.12.06和2013.09.14
The Controversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis重复2016.11.12（本年度新题）
18世纪欧洲饮食的变化（新题）
规律提示
ETS重新启用了少量2013-2014旧题，这些旧题多为高难度系数、重复次数少或者反而重复次数多且在加场中被多次考到的真题（ETS对加场题目特别钟爱，抽到的考频较高）
多次重复考查2016-2017年度新题，新题的存在本来就是为了重复利用
加试多为新题，考生可根据以上统计，判断自己套题的加试文章及测试题，测试题算分，加试不算分
常见题材如恐龙灭绝、地下水依然盛行，但每篇文章切入点有所不同，因此有着不同的行文结构与内容
———— 做中国最好的托福培训 ————
