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托福考试具有一定的变数，尤其是现在ETS实行多套试卷，对系统和网络的要求更高,容易出现故障。现在进入6月，托福考生增多，故障更容易发生。所以各位要做好准备，更要有一定的适应能力。
目前为止，今天6.10托福考试出了几个故障，给各位罗列一下。
1.汇佳考场因为检录的问题，一直进不了系统，导致半数考生未能参加今天的考试。
2.别的考场暂未出现像汇佳考不了的情况，但检录也耽误了不少时间，很多考生考到下午1点半才出来。
3.还遇到一个奇葩的事，有一个考生参加考试，发现键盘有几个键是按不下去的，不知是卡住了还是粘住了，后来报告监考，调整座位才顺利考试。
华叔提醒各位，一定有备而战，同时心态要好。托福是综合能力测试，90+靠努力，100+靠性格，110+靠人品。
考完了很容易发现自己的短板，从明天开始多修炼就是了。
今天给各位解析托福考试的三个部分：1.听力艺术史Pointillism讲座，2.综合写作解析，3.阅读Essentials of Chinese Art和A卷词汇题。
其中阅读Essentials of Chinese Art是华华阅读单项研修计划20篇里的文章，参加我们最近研修的学生都做过这篇。顺便提醒一下，华华的十天/一个月集训和研修计划使用的真题材料是完全不重复的，这样便于学生利用研修计划不断提高单项。
所以，来华华托福刷真题，这几乎是必须的选择。暑假封闭集训，你最好不要错过噢。
一篇艺术史讲座
听力A卷今天出现了一篇zoology讲座，讲的是动物行为起源，全篇英音。如果你不熟悉，会很有难度。近期华叔跟各位解析。
今天主要讲A套一篇艺术史讲座，讲的是Pointillism。听到这个词，很多考生就懵了，我们看看维基上的解释：
Pointillism (/ˈpɔɪntɪlɪzəm/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
Pointillism relies on the ability of the eye and mind of the viewer to blend the color spots into a fuller range of tones. It is related to Divisionism, a more technical variant of the method. Divisionism is concerned with color theory, whereas pointillism is more focused on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint.
这篇讲座里还提高了梵高(Van Gogh)，他有一幅画就是Pointilism(点画法) 风格，我们欣赏一下（下图）。
考到这篇的对一下答案。
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
An artist’s idea to create a new art movement with avant-garde artists
2.According to the discussion, in what way were the avant-garde painters similar to the impressionist painters?
Both groups of painters aimed to break the established rules of painting.
3.According to the professor, what was the primary motivation of the avant-garde artists who invented techniques such as pointillism?
To earn personal recognition for a unique contribution to art
4.What information in the essay that the class discusses surprised the woman?
That there was a period in Van Gogh’s career when he interacted extensively with other artists
5. What is the professor’s opinion about the name “painters of the petit boulevard”?
The name was appropriate for a group of avant-garde painters.
6.What was the main reason that Van Gogh promoted the works of the artists he called the “painters of the petit boulevard”?
To firmly establish himself as a modern artist
综合写作老题回顾
重复
2014.03.23
大陆托福真题
阅读主要观点提取：
总论点：大量欧裔美国人居住到美国西部草原使得北美野牛大量减少。
分论点一：欧裔美国人在迁徙的过程中，将北美野牛作为一种食物。
分论点二：欧裔美国人迁徙时携带的家畜和北美野牛抢草吃，所以使得北美野牛可以吃的草越来越少，数量不断下降。
分论点三：随着科技的进步，出现了半自动手枪。这种枪可以连发好几颗子弹，所以新迁入的欧裔美国人使用这种手枪可以捕杀更多野牛，使得野牛数量不断减少。
听力主要观点提取：
总论点：阅读中夸大了欧裔美国人对北美野牛的影响。
分论点一：欧裔美国人迁徙的路线和北美野牛减少的位置图不相符。迁徙者是从东往西移动，然后北美野牛是从西部开始减少的。如果是由于迁徙者大量食用北美野牛，应该是草原东部的野牛最先减少。
分论点二：北美野牛可以生存在十分寒冷的地区，它们有很厚的皮毛和尖尖的角帮助它们吃厚厚雪层下面的草。然而，在如此寒冷的地方，那些家畜是无法生存的，所以不可能由于它们的到来使得北美野牛数量减少。
分论点三：美国本土人使用的弓箭也可以像半自动手枪那样短时间内杀死很多野牛。所以，不会因为半自动手枪的出现，使得北美野牛被杀害更多。
阅读解析和词汇题
阅读共统计考查ABC三套试卷，如下：
A卷阅读4篇
1.Essentials of Chinese Art（重复2017.02.25, 2017.07.08,2018.01.27）
2.Dust Storms on Mars
3.Ants and Elaiosomes
4.加试：Waking Up: Coming Out of Hibernation，或Reindeer
B卷阅读4篇
1.The Beginning of Planet Formation（重复2017.01.07, 2017.10.15, 2017.07.15上午场）
2.How Birds Acquire Their Songs（重复2015.07.11）
3.The Roman Impact on British Industry
4.加试：Waking Up: Coming Out of Hibernation
C卷阅读3篇
1.Agriculture in the Late Ottoman Empire（重复2015.07.04）
2.Pest Control（重复2017.04.01）
3.Global Conveyer
下面，带考生分析其中较难的一篇。
Essentials of Chinese Art
(中国艺术的基本组成要素)
首先看标题，预测全文内容和结构走向，应该是关于中国艺术的“方方面面打开型”学术论文(因为标题中含有复数名词essentials)，然后对应每个essential(每一段)，又会有详细的描写和纵深的原因分析(分析中国艺术为什么会形成这一essential)，以及该essential给中国艺术带来的结果影响。文章的实际内容与预测基本相符，全文共分5段，首段引出研究对象(中国艺术)，以下各段分别打开中国艺术的组成要素：手工艺术品(第2&3段)，埋葬品(第4段)，和书法艺术品(第5段)。
第1段：
共7句，第1句引出研究对象One important effect of recent research is that scholars now question ideas of essential, permanent characteristics of Chinese art；第2句Many long-held conceptions turn out to be based on…给出先前的错误理解；第3句Often left out of such accounts are features of popular, religious, or craft arts and the cultural activities and values of women.点出先前错误理解遗漏了什么；第4句There is also an increasing awareness…注意其中的also表并列，表明先前的错误理解还遗漏了什么，而现在越来越意识到什么；最后5、6、7句再次合体表明主题，中国艺术确实有基本组成要素，尤以第7句收尾句最难：A few long-term characteristics stand out, although, as important as these culturally distinctive elements were in the history of Chinese art, they still leave out much of significance and interest.
华叔点评
1.我们所说的考题难，体现在两方面，一是文章本身的语言难度，二是出题的原文区间跨度和选项设置的干扰度。从第一段来看，原文的语言难度就很高，这又体现在用词的抽象性、长难句的复杂性、和句间关系透露出的作者思路的转换性。例如，考生能否意识到第4句当中的also是对第3句的补充，因此透露的是第2句的先前错误理解遗漏了什么，这对应出成第2题According to paragraph 1, studies have shown that previously established ideas of Chinese art
2.对于长难句的解析，为了不打扰整个行文思路的流畅性和对应题目的分析，我们把它们放到最后，给两句和考生分享。
第2段：首句China is unique among the great cultures of the world in the degree to which its civilization was identified with its craft products.首句通常简短概括，表明中国艺术的组成要素之一是手工艺品，具体对应看下句；第2句引出丝织品，第3句引出瓷制品，以及后句引出的漆器，青铜制品等等。这段先简要概括至此。
第3段：只有3句。第1句主题句，在此略过。第2句，长难句Critical traditions in China do indicate distinctions between literate arts—especially those such as calligraphy, painting, and architecture that acquired an accompanying theoretical, historical, and critical literature—and art forms that depended more on specialized skills and sometimes on laborious or cooperative production.第3句，也是长难句Such distinctions were fluid over time, however, as antique ceramics were prized and inscribed by imperial collectors, ancient ritual bronze vessels attracted the interest of antiquarian scholars, and individual potters, carvers, and metalworkers achieved independent renown.
整段出了全文最难的一道题目。
第10题：Which of the following can be inferred from the fact that “antique ceramics were prized and inscribed by imperial collectors, ancient ritual bronze vessels attracted the interest of antiquarian scholars, and individual potters, carvers, and metalworkers achieved independent renown”?
选项：
Art forms that required laborious or cooperative production were considered more valuable than calligraphy, painting, and architecture.
Art forms did not necessarily have to acquire an accompanying literature to be highly valued.
Ancient forms of art were more highly valued than modern ones.
Art forms that depended more on specialized skills acquired an accompanying literature.
解析：正确答案为B。综合整段信息，虽然之前的知识分子的艺术(literate arts)是伴随带有文字记录的，而不识字的工匠们的艺术没有文字记录，但随着时间的推移，这两者之间的差距变得模糊，因为工匠们的艺术也受到后来帝王和研究人员的重视，并且有些底层工匠也获得了很高的个人声望。A和C比较错误，D与第2句矛盾。
第4、5段篇幅关系，我们在此略过。下面给出两个长难句分享和本篇的词汇题。
长难句1
Often left out of such accounts are features of popular, religious, or craft arts and the cultural activities and values of women.
解析:
1.本句第一个语言难点是倒装，正常语序为“features of popular, religious, or craft arts and the cultural activities and values of women are often left out of such accounts”.
发生倒装的原因有两个：一是句子的主语太长而被甩到了句子末尾去压住句子的平衡感；二是上下句关联，为了呼应上句“Many long-held conceptions turn out to be based on…”许多长久以来持有的对中国艺术的理解是基于…，而其实漏掉的是什么，即对应这句开头“Often left out of such accounts are…”
2.本句第二个语言难点是“left out of such accounts”的理解，这里需要知道英文表达中out of=from，所以left out of such accounts=left from such accounts（从这样的叙述中遗漏掉）。
整句话的意思是（尽量顺读反映看到信息时的瞬间思维流动）：经常漏掉的从这样的叙述中（漏掉的）是这样的叙述，这些叙述是属于大众的艺术、宗教的艺术、或者手工艺艺术，以及女性的文化活动和价值的叙述。
长难句2
A few long-term characteristics stand out, although, as important as these culturally distinctive elements were in the history of Chinese art(1), they still leave out much of significance and interest(2).
解析:
1.本句第一个语言难点是as引导句子引发的倒装，此时as=although表让步，意为“虽然”，恢复正常语序为：as these culturally distinctive elements were as important，可同义替换为：although these culturally distinctive elements were so important，意思是“虽然这些文化上典型的组成要素是如此的重要”。
2.本句第二个语言难点是“leave out much of significance and interest”的理解，此处out of =from，所以原句=leave much from significance and interest。
3.第三个语言难点是although后面以逗号的方式插入了as引导的第二个让步句，即让步中又有让步。
整句话意思是（尽量顺读反映看到信息时的瞬间思维流动）：一些长期存在的中国文化特点还是闪亮而出(stand out)，虽然【虽然这些文化特点在中国艺术史上是如此的重要，但是它们仍然没有引起许多重视和兴趣】。
意译为：虽然这些(中国)文化特点在中国艺术史上是如此的重要，但是它们仍然没有引起许多重视和兴趣，但即便如此(没有引起重视和兴趣)，这些长期存在的中国文化特点还是闪亮而出(stand out)。
Essentials of Chinese Art
features = aspects
unrivaled = unequaled
mere = only
verging = bordering
Ants and Elalosomes
discard = throw away
evenly = equally
trait = feature
investigated = studied
Dust Storms on Mars
constantly = always
converge = come together
uniformly = evenly
Waking Up: Coming Out of Hibernation
entails = involves
worthwhile = valuable
therefore = as a result
initiating = beginning
