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当前位置:首页>>最新考情>>【6.23】英音讲座成标配,ETS爸爸是打算用托福兼并雅思吗?

【6.23】英音讲座成标配,ETS爸爸是打算用托福兼并雅思吗?


2018年托福考试中,听力多次出现英音。2017年,英音基本只出现在口语第一题的题目朗读中,现在听力部分几乎每场必有一篇英音听力讲座,这是值得关注的一个变化。


华叔给各位分享一段今天的听力,环境保护讲座。


Several decades ago, the gray wolf was an endangered species in the United States. But wolf populations are back in the rise thanks to government conservation efforts. This is a good thing because many biologists argue that wolves play an incredibly important role in the health of an ecosystem. Imagine a pyramid shape and divide it horizontally into three sections.At the bottom, the biggest chunk, you’ve got vegetation. This is the most abundant component of terrestrial ecosystems. And also the most diverse. Then in the middle, you find herbivores, the animals large and small that eat the vegetation. And then at the top, you have carnivores, like wolves, who prey on the herbivores. Now let’s consider what happens when one of those sections of the pyramid changes too much. 


当然也有人觉得,托福听力的英音不是纯正的英音,而是正宗的波士顿口音。什么是波士顿口音,听听肯尼迪的讲话就知道了。


各位都知道,波士顿是英国人登陆美洲的地方,也是扎根最深的地方。波士顿不仅文化上与英国相似,整个波士顿建筑完全是按照当年的英国图纸建造的。


除此之外,波士顿口音也保留了很多英格兰口音,至今都没有改变。


波士顿口音最典型的特点就是,没有卷舌音(r),其它还有几个特点,我直接从WikiHow: How to speak with a perfect Boston accent上截几张图,各位可以感受一下。



简单地来说,拥有极强波士顿口音的人,除了不发卷舌音以外,随时随地都在发“a”,且发”a”的时候都比较夸张。


各位不妨多模仿,尤其是肯尼迪的演讲,这样听到托福听力的所谓的“英音”就会适应了。



综合写作新题回顾

阅读主要观点提取:

总论点:一种大型的食草恐龙sauropod的脖子特别长。有人认为sauropod之所以有这么长的脖子是为了吃树上较高的树叶。有几个证据可以证明sauropod的脖子是水平方向并非垂直方向的。

理由一:科学家用sauropod的化石复原它的形状时发现,只有当把sauropod脖子的水平方向摆放时是最符合sauropod骨头的结构的。

理由二:sauropod的脖子水果是垂直方向会给血管带来风险。为了将血供给到sauropod的大脑上,它的心脏需要提升血压。然而这样会给sauropod的血管带来风险。所以,sauropod的脖子应该是水平方向的。

理由三:垂直方向的脖子会耗费太多能量。如果sauropod的脖子是水平方向的,它们吃地上的植被所消耗的能量要远远低于抬头吃树上的叶子所需要的能量。所以没有必要耗费较高的能力抬着脖子进食。


听力主要观点提取:

总论点:sauropod的脖子就是垂直方向的,阅读中的论点不可信。

理由一:要准确复原sauropod的形状还需要了解其他组织,如软骨组织cartilage或肌肉组织。不幸的是我们并没有保存良好的sauropod的软骨组织和肌肉组织。所以,我们无法精准的复原sauropod的脖子结构。

理由二:垂直方向脖子所带来的血管风险是可以克服的。例如长颈鹿giraffe有两个方法解决这个问题。一是有强有力的肌肉组织来提升血压。而是有厚的血管壁来承受较高的血压。所以,sauropod也可以有这样的特征以规避对血管产生的威胁。

理由三:sauropod太高脖子进食是十分有必要的。很多其他的动物会竞争地面上的食物,所以sauropod需要走很远才能吃饱。走很远的距离所需的能量远远大于sauropod抬起脖子吃树叶所需的能量。所以,sauropod的脖子是垂直方向恰恰是为了节约能量的。



阅读A卷三篇测试文章

第一篇 The Population and Economy in Sixteenth-Century Europe(重复2016.08.27,2017.08.27和2017.11.04)

第二篇 Adopting Roman Values(重复2016.01.24,2016.11.05, 2017.07.08)

第三篇 Emergents(首考新题)


文章宏观结构内容串讲

The Population and Economy in Sixteenth-Century Europe (16世纪欧洲的人口和经济),围绕着人口增长带来的结果影响展开,初期人口增长促进经济发展(既促进农村土地开发和农业发展,又促进城镇化进程),但是后期的人口增长带来了问题,导致农村可用耕地数量下降,涌入城市的劳动力过多而工资下降,同时在通货膨胀的社会背景下(a backdrop of inflation),人们生活更困苦,政府对此的解决办法是货币贬值(devalued coinage),结果反而更是雪上加霜。


Adopting Roman Values(采纳罗马价值),按照“方方面面”打开型文章结构,分别介绍被罗马统治的各个行省(province)采纳罗马的语言与教育、采纳罗马的房屋建筑和城镇设计、采纳罗马建筑物内所进行的各种政治活动、以及采纳罗马的法律。


Emergents(热带雨林中最高树木的树冠),虽然获得最多的阳光,但却面临着一系列问题:暴露于高温和极端的昼夜温差变化及年度温差变化、暴露于风干效果,暴露于热带大雨的直接冲击,对此emergents的解决办法是树叶形状和结构的改变,以适应high level环境。


题目串讲


综上所述,宏观结构易于把握,基本围绕着“因果分析”、“结果影响”、或“方方面面展开型”打开,而难在微观细节,细节决定高手。很多题目就是从细节出发,设置干扰选项。例如Emergents的第1段,共3句话,引入介绍emergents,就此出了一道细节题,如下:


第1段

(1)In a tropical forest the crowns of the tallest trees, the emergents, stand higher than the surrounding canopy of treetops forming the uppermost layer.

(2)An emergent is exposed to the full intensity of tropical sunshine, which gives the tree a clear advantage over the other trees.

(3)But there is a price it must pay for its place in the sun. 


考题1

According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements about emergents is true?

Emergents occur only in certain tropical forests. 

In tropical forests, emergents are more abundant than trees in the surrounding canopy. 

The canopy in some tropical forests is made up of the crowns of emergents. 

Emergents are exposed to more sun than the other trees in tropical forests. 


解析:

正确答案D。A选项并非错在only,而是去掉“certain”就对了。对应本段第1句。B选项虚假比较。C选项语义错误,与本段第1句矛盾。D选项对应本段第2句。



考题2 

Adopting Roman Values的句子简化题


考句:

The language of the surviving letters of Patrick, the missionary and patron saint of Ireland, who came from a fairly minor landowning family in northwest Britain, shows that people could still get such an education at that extreme point of the empire as late 400 C.E., while North Africa, at another, was famous for its educational tradition, producing in Augustine of Hippo one of the best-educated late Romans of all. 


Patrick and Augustine of Hippo were considered the best-educated late Romans to come from minor landowning families in the Empire. 

The examples of Patrick and Augustine show that people could still get a good Latin education even at the most distant parts of the Roman Empire as late as 400 C.E.

The Roman education tradition extended to extreme points of the empire as late as 400C.E. because of scholars such as Patrick and Augustine. 

Athough Patrick and Augustine got their education at two of the most remote spots of the Roman Empire, they were among the best-educated Romans around 400 C.E.


解析:

正确答案B。


考句语言要点:(1)主语名词之后要对主语名词发出的动作(谓语)期待,就算主语被不断修饰,被不断插入补充,所有的修饰和补充结束后,谓语动作一定会出现,所以原句中的主语名词“The language of the surviving letters of Patrick”之后有大量修饰补充,在遥远的后面才出现谓语“shows”;(2)while引导的句子,表示比较中的一方和另一方;(3)比较句中前后对应的重复内容经常省略,所以while引导的比较句中“at another”对应前面重复出现的概念“at that extreme point of the empire”,“at another”指“at another extreme point of the empire”,即在罗马帝国疆土的另一端(北非);(4)及物动词后要对宾语进行期待,即使宾语暂时不出现,也要有期待,后面一定会出现,所以producing的宾语在“in Augustine of Hippo”之后出现,是“one of the best-educated late Romans of all”,正常语序为:producing one of the best-educated late Romans of all in Augustine of Hippo. 


整句话意思是:幸存下来的P的书信中的语言(P是一个爱尔兰地区的传教士和守护圣徒,来自英国西北地区一个相当小的地主家庭),(该书信语言)表明在公元400年晚期远在罗马帝国末端疆土(爱尔兰)上的人们仍然能够获得这样的一种教育,与此同时,罗马帝国另一末端疆土的北非地区也以其教育传统而出名,在希波奥古斯都时代培育出了受到最好教育的晚期罗马人之一。



The Population and Economy in Sixteenth-Century Europe

to capacity = used to its full agricultural potential

(结合语境型词汇题)

cycle = pattern of events that repeats itself

surplus = extra

disrupted = disordered


Emergents

intensity = strength

retains = keeps inside

sheltering = protecting

abruptly = suddenly


Adopting Roman Values

pragmatic = practical

founding = establishment

fragments = pieces

massively = extensively

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