【11.24】这篇综合写作，时隔两年再考，今天考试的你，漏点了吗？

2018.11.24 综合写作

重复

2015.09.19

2016.11.26下午场

大陆托福真题

阅读主要观点提取

安第斯山脉的一处建筑的目的并不是为了用作堡垒。

第一，这个建筑并不是所有的地方都有围墙。如果有缺口gaps的话，便很容易被敌人进攻。

第二，这个建筑有多 个进出口。一般用作防御的城堡都只有一个进出口，所有此建筑不能起到抵御作用。

第三，这个地区不能存储足够的水。没有足够的水，防御的人就不能抵抗敌人的持久战。

听力主要观点提取

安第斯山脉山顶的这处建筑确实是可以起到防御作用的。

第一，之所以不是所有的地方都有围墙是有很好的理由的。在有天然防护的地方，如悬崖峭壁，就没有围墙；在容易收到攻击的地方，如缓坡上，就建有围墙。这样的一种设计，正是为了防御。

第二，该建筑有多个进出口也需要具体问题具体分析。进出口数量虽然多，但是每个进出口都有很宽阔的视野，只要敌人来袭，便可以很快发现敌人，有时间封锁进出口。并且，每个进出口都不宽，也降低里封锁的难度。

第三，缺少水资源并不是一个大的问题。安第斯山脉的人不会采取打持久战这一战术。因为该地区十分干旱，不仅仅是防御的人没有充足的水资源，进攻者也没有。所以，一旦第一次进攻未果，他们便会撤退。

▲ bird in space

经典满分范文

Although the reading supports the idea that walled hilltop sites are not designed as forts, the listening contends that they are indeed designed to defend against invading enemies and the arguments mentioned in the passage are based on misunderstanding.

Primarily, the author states that the fact that the sites are not surrounded on all sides proves that they are not forts. Nevertheless, the professor contends that there is a good reason for this arrangement and the sites are built for defense. The sides where there are no walls are naturally protected from attacking such as a cliff or steep hills. Thus the builders only need to build the walls at the places that are most likely to be attacked. 

Secondly, as for the multiple entryways mentioned in the reading, the listening says that they must be considered in contexts. First, the entranceways often have good visibility with large open areas, which enable them to spot attackers early enough to block the entrances. Second, the entrances are not very wide. This also helps the blocking of the entrances.

Lastly, the lecture states that the lack of water supply proposed by the writer is not a problem. Since the high Andes is a relatively dry environment, the attacker themselves did not have large supplies of food and water. Thus they would not use the strategy of surrounding a fort and waiting for the people inside to use up food and water.